LECANIA A. Massal.

Lecania erysibe - cited from Saline Co. by Gier & Jones (1954) [as Lecanora erysibe], and Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Jones 15 (MCJ), is Lecania perproxima.

Lecania perproxima (Nyl.) Zahlbr. image of caratBerry (1937): Lincoln Co. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. See L. erysibe.

Lecania syringea [image of equals L. fuscella (Schaer.) Körb.] - cited from Franklin Co. by Berry (1937); this report is the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Berry 688 (US), contains a Bacidia but no Lecania.

Lecania syringea var. dimera [image of equals L. dubitans (Nyl.) A. L. Sm.] - cited from Franklin Co. by Berry (1937); this report forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Berry 694 (US), contains a Lecanora but no Lecania.

LECANORA Ach.

Lecanora sp. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co.

Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme image of caratBrodo (1984): Douglas Co. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Camden Co. [as L. subfuscata]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Camden Co., also literature report [as Lecanora subfuscata].

Lecanora atra image of equals Tephromela atra

Lecanora caesiorubella - local reports are referable to Lecanora caesiorubella ssp. prolifera.

Lecanora caesiorubella Ach. ssp. prolifera (Fink) R. C. Harris image of caratLadd et al. (1994): cited from 7 cos. S1/2 Mo. image of carat (1992a): Taney Co. [as L. caesiorubella].

Lecanora calcarea - see Aspicilia calcarea

Lecanora cenisia Ach. image of caratBrodo (1984): Greene Co.

Lecanora chlorotera [sensu AES (1986)] ¸ Lecanora hybocarpa

Lecanora chrysoleuca image of equals Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca

Lecanora cinereofusca H. Magn. var. appalachensis Brodo image of carat et al. (1994): Oregon and Shannon cos.

Lecanora contorta image of equals Aspicilia contorta

Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co.

Lecanora erysibe - see Lecania perproxima

Lecanora hageni image of equals Lecanora hagenii

Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. image of caratFink (1899) [as L. "hageni"]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as L. "hageni"].

Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo image of caratAES (1986): Reynolds Co. [as L. "chlorotera"]. image of caratBrodo (1984): 6 mapped records SW Mo., one specimen cited. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Vernon Co. [as L. rugosella]. image of carat (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co.

Lecanora imshaugii Brodo image of caratBrodo (1984): Dent Co.

Lecanora laevata - see Aspicilia laevata

Lecanora laevigata [sensu Gier & Jones (1954) and Gier & Kendrick (1972)] see Aspicilia laevata

Lecanora melanophthalma [image of equals Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt] local reports are referable to Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca.

Lecanora minutella Nyl. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. image of caratBerry (1936, 1937): Boone Co. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Saline Co. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Newton and Saline cos., also literature report. image of caratHale (1969, 1979): mapped from SE1/2 Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Nelson (1982). image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1985). image of caratTuckerman (1882). image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See Lecanora thamnoplaca and Lecidea leucophaeoides.

Lecanora muralis var. versicolor - local reports are referable to L. valesiaca.

Lecanora oreinoides (Körb.) Hertel & Rambold image of caratBerry (1936, 1937): Boone Co. [as Lecidea tessellina]. image of caratFink (1899) [as Lecidea tessellina]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Lecanora tessellina]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratTuckerman (1877, 1888) [as Lecidea tessellina].

Lecanora pallida [image of equals L. albella (Pers.) Ach.] - cited from St. Louis Co. by Berry (1937); this forms the basis of the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). No confirming specimens have been located. According to Imshaug & Brodo (1966), in North America this is a rare species that usually occurs on conifers. They map the North American range from northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan, with scattered locations to the north and east.

Lecanora privigna var. pruinosa image of equals Sarcogyne regularis

Lecanora pseudistera Nyl. image of caratBrodo (1984): Greene Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co.

Lecanora rubina image of equals Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca

Lecanora rugosella - local reports are referable to L. hybocarpa.

Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co.

Lecanora sambuci - cited from Washington Co. by Berry (1937); this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). No confirming specimens have been located, and no locations proximal to Missouri are known for this species.

Lecanora strobilina (Spreng.) Kieff. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co.

Lecanora subfuscata image of equals Lecanora argentata

Lecanora subimmergens Vain. image of caratBrodo (1984): St. Clair Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Lecanora tartarea image of equals Ochrolechia tartarea

Lecanora tessellina image of equals Lecanora oreinoides

Lecanora thamnoplaca [image of equals Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner] - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1937); this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Berry 339 (UMO), is L. muralis.

Lecanora valesiaca (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. image of caratFink (1910) [as L. muralis var. versicolor]. image of caratFink (1935) [as L. versicolor]. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Clay Co. [as L. versicolor]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Clay Co. [as L. versicolor]. image of caratHarris (1995a): literature report. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratRyan (1990): Boone, Jefferson, Saline, and Washington cos. image of caratTuckerman (1882) [as L. muralis var. versicolor]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: literature reports of L. muralis var. versicolor from Missouri are being referred here. The two taxa are similar, but no valid Missouri records of L. muralis var. versicolor have been found. Ryan (1990) notes that many North American collections determined as L. muralis var. versicolor are L. valesiaca. Reports of L. versicolor from Boone Co. by Berry (1936, 1937) and the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972) are based on Berry 306B (UMO), which is Caloplaca flavovirescens. See L. calcarea.

Lecanora varia - cited from Emma by Fink (1900); this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). No confirming specimens have been located. Given the confusion surrounding early reports of this genus, and the lack of specimens or corroborating reports, these reports are excluded from the Missouri flora.

Lecanora versicolor [image of equals L. muralis var. versicolor] local reports are referable to Lecanora valesiaca.

Lecanora xanthophana image of equals Acarospora schleicheri

LECIDEA Ach.

Lecidea sp. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Lecidea albocaerulescens image of equals Porpidia albocaerulescens

Lecidea auriculata - cited from Jefferson Co. by Berry (1937); this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). None of the voucher specimens upon which these reports are based have been located. Wong & Brodo (1992) describe this taxon as "arctic to northern boreal". On the basis of these data, L. auriculata is excluded from the Missouri flora.

Lecidea berengeriana image of equals Mycobilimbia berengeriana

Lecidea botryosa image of equals Biatora botryosa

Lecidea chalybezia Nyl. image of caratFink (1899) [as Lecidea "crytidia"]. image of caratFink (1910) [as Lecidea cyrtidia]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Lecidea "cyrtida"]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLowe (1939) [as Lecidea "cyrtidea"].

Lecidea cinnabarina [¸ Pyrrhospora cinnabarina (Sommerf.) M. Choisy] - cited by Berry (1937) from Franklin, Jefferson, and St. Louis cos.; this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972), who also cite it from Clay Co. No confirming specimens have been located, and no locations proximal to Missouri are known for this species.

Lecidea crytidia [sensu Fink (1899)] image of equals Lecidea chalybezia

Lecidea cyrtida [sensu Gier & Kendrick (1972)] image of equals Lecidea chalybezia

Lecidea cyrtidea [sensu Lowe (1939] image of equals Lecidea chalybezia

Lecidea cyrtidia image of equals Lecidea chalybezia

Lecidea decipiens image of equals Psora decipiens

Lecidea erratica image of equals Micarea erratica

Lecidea flexuosa image of equals Trapeliopsis flexuosa

Lecidea granosa image of equals Bacidia granosa

Lecidea leucophaeoides [image of equals?Miriquidica lulensis (Hellbom) Hertel & Rambold] - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936). The specimen forming the basis for this report, Berry 339 (UMO), was later cited by Berry (1937) as Lecanora thamnoplaca, but is actually Lecanora muralis.

Lecidea limosa - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936), but no confirming specimens have been located, and the report was not included in Berry's subsequent work (1937). Berry listed the substrate as Ulmus, but this lichen typically occurs on mossy soil. The taxon is excluded from the Missouri flora.

Lecidea lurida (Ach.) DC. image of caratLadd (1991): Stone Co.; designated as Endangered. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratMDC (1992): designated as Endangered. Note: the MDC (1991) report of Psora tuckermanii is referable to this species.

Lecidea parvifolia [image of equals Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll. Arg.] - cited from Butler Co. by Fink (1919); this is the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). According to Brako (1991), Phyllopsora parvifolia is primarily a tropical species, reaching only the Gulf coast and peninsular Florida in the United States. Since no specimens are known from Missouri or neighboring states, the species is excluded from the flora.

Lecidea rubiformis [image of equals Psora rubiformis (Ach.) Hook.] - according to Timdal (1986), this is an arctic- alpine species that does not occur in the Midwest. Local reports, as far as can be discerned, refer to saxicolous populations and are best treated as Psora pseudorussellii, although where substrate is not explicated the reports may also include or consist of the rarer, terricolous Psora russellii.

Lecidea rufonigra image of equals Psorula rufonigra

Lecidea russula [image of equals¸ Pyrrhospora russula (Ach.) Hafellner] - although cited from Missouri by Gier & Kendrick (1972), this is a synonymy error based on a report of Biatora russellii by Fink (1899).

Lecidea scalaris [image of equals Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy] - mapped from SE1/3 Mo. by Hale (1969); this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). In his second edition, however, Hale (1979) maps this species from no closer to Missouri than northern Wisconsin [as Psora scalaris]. Dirig (1990) maps this species from no closer to Missouri than Michigan and Wisconsin. On the basis of these data, the species is excluded from the Missouri flora.

Lecidea tessellina image of equals Lecanora oreinoides

Lecidea turgidula [image of equals Biatora turgidula (Fr.) Nyl.] - cited by Berry (1937) from Franklin Co.; this report forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Berry 721 (US), is not a Biatora.

Lecidea vernalis [image of equals Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr.] - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936). Two collections of the specimen on which this report is based, Berry 247, have been located: one (US) is a Caloplaca, and one (F) is Acarospora schleicheri.

LECIDELLA Körb.

Lecidella carpathica Körb. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co.

Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) Hazsl. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co.

Lecidella euphorea (Flörke) Hertel image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

LEPRARIA Ach.

Lepraria sp. #1 sensu Ladd et al. (1994) image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Newton Co. [as L. aeruginosa]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): cited from 29 cos. statewide. image of caratMBG (1974b): Salt River basin [as L. incana]. Note: this species, containing atranorin and zeorin, was locally called L. incana. However, Laundon (1992) applies L. incana to material containing divaricatic acid and zeorin. See L. membranacea.

Lepraria aeruginosa image of equals Lepraria sp. #1

Lepraria caesioalba (de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Ste. Genevieve Co.

Lepraria finkii image of equals Lepraria lobificans

Lepraria incana - local reports are referable to Lepraria sp. #1.

Lepraria lesdainii (Hue) R. C. Harris image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Cass, Clark, St. Clair, and St. Louis cos.

Lepraria lobificans Nyl. image of caratDarigo (1995a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as L. finkii]. Note: according to Laundon (1992), this species contains atranorin, stictic acid, and zeorin; locally, this element was previously called L. finkii. Harris (1995a) hypothesizes that this taxon is actually a Leproloma. See Lepraria membranacea and note under Pannaria conoplea.

Lepraria membranacea [image of equals Leproloma membranaceum (Dicks.) Vain.] - reported from Jefferson Co. by Gier & Jones (1954) [as Crocynia lanuginosa] and from Reynolds Co. by Nelson (1977). The Jefferson Co. report is based on Nelson s.n. May 1904 (MCJ 5482), which is L. lobificans. No other specimens have been located, and recent intensive collecting of leprose lichens throughout the Midwest has failed to reveal any populations of Leproloma membranaceum. The overwhelming majority of Missouri and Midwestern Lepraria consists of L. lobificans [atranorin + stictic acid + zeorin] and a Lepraria sp. #1 containing atranorin and zeorin. Gier & Kendrick (1972) mistakenly refer the Gier & Jones (1954) report of L. membranacea to Pannaria conoplea.

Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Iron, Jefferson, Phelps, St. Clair, and Shannon cos.

Lepraria nivalis J. R. Laundon image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Iron, Madison, Phelps, and Ste. Genevieve cos.

LEPROLOMA Nyl. ex Crombie

Leproloma vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Pulaski Co.

LEPTOGIUM (Ach.) Gray

Leptogium apalachense (Tuck.) Nyl. image of caratFink (1935). image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report mistakenly attributed to Nelson (1911). image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratMohr (1901). image of caratNearing (1962). image of caratSierk (1964): Dallas Co. image of caratSkorepa (1973). image of caratTuckerman (1872). image of caratTuckerman (1882). image of caratWetmore (1988): mapped from SW 1/4 Mo.; described as "always rare". Note: Esslinger & Egan (1995) and Ladd (1996) spell the specific epithet "appalachense".

Leptogium austroamericanum (Malme) C. W. Dodge image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE Mo. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratSierk (1964): 2 map records from SW and EC Mo.; specimen cited from Barry Co. See note under L. cyanescens.

Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): St. Charles Co.

Leptogium burnetiae C. W. Dodge image of caratBerry (1937): Jefferson Co. [as L. saturninum]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as L. hirsutum]; also unsubstantiated listing in checklist [as L. saturninum]. image of caratGolubkova (1981): mapped from Mo., based on literature report [as L. burnetiae var. hirsutum]. image of caratHale (1957a): Barry, Crawford, and Douglas cos. [as L. saturninum]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE3/5 Mo. [as L. hirsutum]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from all but NW Mo. image of caratJørgensen (1973): mapped from Mo. [as L. burnetiae var. hirsutum]. image of caratJørgensen (1975): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratSierk (1964): 6 mapped records in SE1/2 Mo. [as L. hirsutum]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See note under Collema granosum.

Leptogium burnetiae var. hirsutum [image of equals L. hirsutum Sierk] local reports are referable to Leptogium burnetiae.

Leptogium byssinum (Hoffm.) Zwackh ex Nyl. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Leptogium chloromelum (Sw. ex Ach.) Nyl. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: all other local reports of this species are referable to L. milligranum, which was formerly considered to be L. chloromelum var. stellans.

Leptogium corticola (Taylor) Tuck. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE Mo. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE Mo.

Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHale (1957a): Barry, Douglas, and Texas cos. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE2/3 Mo. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE1/3 Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. image of caratSierk (1964): 6 records mapped in SE1/2 Mo. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: the Reynolds Co. specimen cited by AES (1986), Apfelbaum 254A (MOR), is L. austroamericanum.

Leptogium dactylinum Tuck. image of caratFink (1899). image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratSierk (1964): 2 records mapped in N Mo. image of caratTuckerman (1872). image of caratTuckerman (1882).

Leptogium hirsutum Sierk - local reports are referable to Leptogium burnetiae.

Leptogium juniperinum Tuck. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Wayne Co., also literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE Mo. image of caratSierk (1964): Wayne Co.

Leptogium lacerum image of equals Leptogium lichenoides

Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. image of caratFink (1900): Cole Co. [as L. lacerum]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratSierk (1964): 3 records mapped in EC Mo. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See Collema limosum.

Leptogium milligranum Sierk image of caratFink (1900): Cole Co. [as L. chloromelum]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report; also literature report [as L. chloromelum]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from S1/4 Mo. [as L. chloromelum]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratSierk (1964): one mapped record in C Mo. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See comments under L. chloromelum.

Leptogium minutissimum image of equals Leptogium subtile

Leptogium saturninum - local reports are referable to Leptogium burnetiae.

Leptogium subtile (Schrad.) Torss. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Boone Co. [as L. minutissimum].

Leptogium teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Leptorhaphis epidermidis# - cited from Franklin Co. by Berry (1937); this is the basis of the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Berry 648 (US), contains no Leptorhaphis but only a small, fragmentary gelatinous lichen. Another Berry determination of this species, Hubricht B143 (US), from Franklin Co., is a nonlichenized fungus unrelated to Leptorhaphis.

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LICHENOTHELIA D. Hawksw.

Lichenothelia scopularia (Nyl.) D. Hawksw.# image of caratBerry (1937): Jefferson Co. [as Rinodina aterrima]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Rinodina aterrima].

LICHINELLA Nyl.

Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) Moreno & Egea image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Gonohymenia nigritella].

LITHOTHELIUM Müll. Arg.

Lithothelium hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Carter Co.

Lobaria sp. - reported from the Salt River basin by MBG (1974b), but this report is almost certainly an error; note that this lichen is not reported in Seaward's (1978) summary of the lichen portion of the Salt River study.

Lobaria erosa [image of equals L. ravenelii (Tuck.) Yoshim.] - cited from Gentry Co. by Gier & Kendrick (1972); the specimen this report is based on could not be located at MCJ. According to Jordan (1973), this species ranges no closer to Missouri than northwestern Alabama and southwestern Arkansas.

Lobaria quercizans this species was cited from Boone, Franklin, and Jefferson cos. by Berry (1937) [as Sticta quercizans]; this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). No Missouri specimens of Lobaria have been located. According to Jordan (1973), this species occurs no closer to Missouri than Alabama and southwestern Arkansas.

LOXOSPORA A. Massal.

Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Haematomma elatinum]. Note: the Reynolds Co. specimen cited by AES (1986), Apfelbaum 266A (MOR) [as Haematomma elatinum], is Loxospora pustulata.

Loxospora pustulata (Brodo & W. L. Culb.) R. C. Harris image of caratBrodo & Culberson (1986): 2 map records in EC Mo. [as Haematomma pustulatum]. image of caratC. Culberson, W. Culberson, & Johnson (1986): Washington Co. [as Haematomma sp.]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Haematomma pustulatum]. See note under L. elatina.