PANNARIA Delise

Pannaria conoplea - cited from Missouri by the following sources: Berry (1937), from Franklin, Jefferson, and St. Louis cos. [as P. rubiginosa var. lanuginosa]; Gier & Kendrick (1972), from Jefferson Co. and also a literature report [as P. pityrea]; Hale (1969), mapped from extreme SE Mo. [as P. pityrea] - note that Hale (1979) maps this species from no closer to Missouri than the central Appalachians; and Nelson (1911), from Jefferson and St. Louis cos. [as P. lanuginosa]. Considerable confusion surrounds these reports, and no confirming specimens have been located, nor is this species known from any states bordering Missouri. Gier & Kendrick (1972) refer the report of Crocynia lanuginosa in Gier & Jones (1954) to this species [as P. pityrea], but the name is actually a synonym of Lepraria membranacea; see discussion under that species. To further complicate matters, a specimen from St. Louis Co. labelled P. lanuginosa, Russell 18 (MICH), is Lepraria lobificans! Based on the apparent confusion with Lepraria that has surrounded this taxon in Missouri, the Berry report may also be referable to Lepraria; his habitat description of "sheltered limestone ledges and bases of trees" would seem to support this.

Pannaria fallax [sensu Gier & Jones (1954) and Gier & Kendrick (1972)] see Arthopyrenia lapponina

Pannaria lanuginosa image of equals Pannaria conoplea

Pannaria leucosticta image of equals Fuscopannaria leucosticta

Pannaria lurida (Mont.) Nyl. image of caratBerry (1937): Franklin Co. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report. image of caratFink (1935). image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Barry Co., also literature report. image of caratHale (1957a): Barry, Dent, Douglas, Ozark, and Pulaski cos. image of caratHale (1969, 1979): mapped from extreme S Mo. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratMohr (1901) [as Physma luridum]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Pannaria microphylla image of equals Fuscopannaria leucophaea

Pannaria pityrea image of equals Pannaria conoplea

Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from all but N1/4 Mo.; note that Hale's 1979 revision maps the species from no closer to Missouri than the Appalachians. image of caratLadd (1991): Ripley Co.; designated as Endangered. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Endangered. image of caratNigh et al. (1992): Ripley Co.

Pannaria rubiginosa var. lanuginosa image of equals Pannaria conoplea

Pannaria tavaresii - although mapped from southern Missouri in the shaded range map in Hale (1979), there is no other information attributing this taxon to Missouri.

PARMELIA Ach.

Parmelia sp. image of caratRedfearn et al. (1969): Texas Co.; this probably is referable to a Flavoparmelia or Xanthoparmelia species. image of caratThomas & Jackson (1985).

Parmelia acctabulum [image of equals Pleurosticta accetabulum (Neck.) Elix & Lumbsch] - cited from Pike Co. by Pech (1866). According to Egan (1987), this lichen does not occur in North America.

Parmelia angustiphylla image of equals Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla

Parmelia arnoldii [¸ Parmotrema arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale] - cited from Camden Co. by Gier & Jones (1954) and Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Jones 5158 (MCJ), is Parmotrema eurysacum.

Parmelia aspidota - see Parmelia exasperata

Parmelia aurulenta image of equals Myelochroa aurulenta

Parmelia austrosinensis image of equals Parmotrema austrosinense

Parmelia bolliana image of equals Punctelia bolliana; note that early reports may include Punctelia semansiana. As used by W. Culberson & C. Culberson (1956), Parmelia bolliana strain 1 (lecanoric acid) image of equals Punctelia semansiana and Parmelia bolliana strain 4 (protolichenesteric acid) image of equals Punctelia bolliana.

Parmelia borreri [image of equals Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog] - local reports of this species are referable to Punctelia subrudecta and/or Punctelia missouriensis. Berry (1936) describes this taxon as sorediate, suggesting his specimens may be referable to Punctelia missouriensis, but several Missouri collections by Berry determined as this species are Punctelia bolliana. Gier & Kendrick (1972) mention that some of the reports of this taxon by Gier & Jones (1954) are referable to Punctelia rudecta.

Parmelia candelaria - cited from Pike Co. by Pech (1866); this probably refers to a taxon of Candelaria or Xanthoria.

Parmelia caperata image of equals Flavoparmelia caperata; most Missouri reports for Parmelia caperata include the morphology now separated as Flavoparmelia baltimorensis.

Parmelia capitata [sensu Hus (1908)] image of equals Flavoparmelia caperata

Parmelia caroliniana image of equals Canoparmelia caroliniana

Parmelia cetrata image of equals Rimelia cetrata

Parmelia colpodes image of equals Anzia colpodes

Parmelia conspersa (in part) image of equals Xanthoparmelia conspersa; note that early reports of Parmelia conspersa are impossible to translate into modern taxonomic concepts, inasmuch as the name has been applied indiscriminately and inconsistently to a broad spectrum of Xanthoparmelia species. The issue becomes even more confused since many early reports apparently followed the delineations used by Hale (1955b), who considered Parmelia conspersa to refer to what are now segregated as various non-isidiate Xanthoparmelia species, including X. angustiphylla, X. cumberlandia, X. hypomelaena, X. somloënsis, and X. tasmanica. Lower thallus coloration, now considered an important taxonomic character, is not mentioned in most early treatments. Parmelia conspersa, stictic acid strain sensu Hale (1955b) image of equals Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla and/or X. cumberlandia; Parmelia conspersa, salazinic acid strain sensu Hale (1955b) image of equals Xanthoparmelia somloënsis and/or X. tasmanica; Parmelia conspersa, fumarprotocetraric acid strain sensu Hale (1955b) image of equals Xanthoparmelia hypomelaena. As used by Berry (1941), this apparently refers to X. cumberlandia and/or X. somloënsis.

Parmelia convexiuscula - cited from Pike Co. by Pech (1866). This is apparently the nomenclatural equivalent of Anzia colpodes; Tuckerman (1882) lists Imbricaria convexiuscula as a synonym of Parmelia colpodes [¸ Anzia colpodes]. Given the uncertainty regarding many early lichen determinations and the lack of any Pech specimens from which to assess his taxonomic competence, this report is provisionally excluded. Modern data restrict A. colpodes to the southern portions of the state.

Parmelia crinita image of equals Parmotrema crinitum

Parmelia cumberlandia image of equals Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia

Parmelia cycloselis - cited from Pike Co. by Pech (1866); this is an apparent synonym of Phaeophyscia orbicularis (see Moberg 1977). As pointed out under Phaeophyscia orbicularis, early concepts in this group encompassed a complex of several species. Since the Pech specimens were destroyed, it is impossible to assign this report to any modern species concept.

Parmelia dilatata - local reports are referable to Parmotrema gardneri.

Parmelia dissecta image of equals Parmelinopsis minarum

Parmelia erecta image of equals Parmotrema perforatum; some early reports also include conceptually Parmotrema hypotropum - several early Missouri collections labelled as this taxon are Parmotrema hypotropum.

Parmelia eurysaca image of equals Parmotrema eurysacum

Parmelia exasperata [image of equals Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl.] - cited from Missouri by no less than 5 references, but the bases for all of these reports are questionable. The Boone Co. report by Berry (1936) [as Parmelia aspidota] was not included in Berry (1937). Only one of the three specimens cited by Berry (1936) has been located, Berry 308 (UMO), which is a Collema. His description of this as a terricolous lichen with an olivaceous thallus suggests that all of his collections may be referable to Collema. Esslinger (1977b) includes possibly up to 3 mapped records from Missouri, but the exact locality and state are uncertain, and no Missouri specimens are cited. Gier & Kendrick (1972) include a literature report based on Hale (1969), whose range map includes SE Missouri. Subsequently, Hale (1979) changed his range map to include all but NW Mo. Since no confirming specimens have been located, the species is provisionally excluded from the flora.

Parmelia finkii image of equals Myelochroa obsessa

Parmelia formosana - see Hypotrachyna formosana

Parmelia frondifera image of equals Punctelia bolliana - local reports may include material referable to Punctelia semansiana.

Parmelia galbina image of equals Myelochroa galbina

Parmelia horrescens image of equals Parmelinopsis horrescens

Parmelia hyperleucites [sensu MBG (1974a, 1974b)] image of equals Punctelia semansiana

Parmelia hypoleucites [image of equals Punctelia hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog] local reports are referable to Punctelia semansiana.

Parmelia hypomelaena image of equals Xanthoparmelia hypomelaena

Parmelia hypopsila image of equals Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla for North American reports.

Parmelia hypotropa image of equals Parmotrema hypotropum

Parmelia hypotropoides image of equals Parmotrema perforatum

Parmelia isidiata (in part - fumarprotocetraric acid strain) - local reports are referable to Xanthoparmelia subramigera.

Parmelia isidiosa (stictic acid strain) [sensu Hale (1955b)] image of equals Xanthoparmelia conspersa and/or X. plittii

Parmelia laevigata [¸ Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale] - cited from Pulaski Co. by Berry (1941); this forms the basis for the literature reports by Gier & Jones (1954) and Gier & Kendrick (1972). Hale (1979) implies that this species is narrowly restricted to the southern Appalachians. Although the specimen has not been located, it is almost certain that the Missouri reports are based on misidentifications.

Parmelia leucochlora [image of equals Pseudoparmelia sphaerospora (Nyl.) Hale] - cited from Missouri by Fink (1935). Hale (1979) maps this coastal plain species from Texas to southern North Carolina. Given the remoteness of the entire range of the species from Missouri and the lack of confirming specimens, this species is excluded from the flora.

Parmelia livida image of equals Hypotrachyna livida

Parmelia louisianae image of equals Parmotrema louisianae

Parmelia margaritata image of equals Parmotrema margaritatum

Parmelia mexicana image of equals Xanthoparmelia mexicana

Parmelia michauxiana image of equals Parmotrema michauxianum

Parmelia obsessa image of equals Myelochroa obsessa

Parmelia olivacea [image of equals Melanelia olivacea (L.) Essl.] - cited from Franklin Co. by Berry (1937); Gier & Kendrick (1972) consider this record "doubtful". Esslinger (1977b) maps this species from no closer to Missouri than central Wisconsin, and no confirming specimens have been located, so the plant is excluded from the flora.

Parmelia perforata image of equals Parmotrema perforatum; note that Hale (1957a) uses this name for material containing salazinic acid - such reports are referable to Parmotrema eurysacum or possibly Rimelia cetrata.

Parmelia perlata [image of equals Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti] - cited from Greene and St. Francois cos. by Berry (1941); this forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Jones (1954), who also cite a specimen from Camden Co. (as Parmelia trichotera). Gier & Kendrick (1972) erroneously attribute a literature report to Fink (1907b). To date, all local material originally identified as this species is Parmotrema hypotropum or Rimelia reticulata. Hale (1979) maps this species in North America only from the Great Lakes, Appalachians, and Pacific coast.

Parmelia perreticulata image of equals Punctelia perreticulata

Parmelia pertusa [image of equals Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal.] - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936, 1937); Gier & Kendrick consider the 1937 reports "doubtful". Only one of the 3 specimens reported by Berry (1937) has been located. This collection, Berry 289 (UMO), is Flavoparmelia caperata. Since M. terebrata is a northern species whose range is remote from Missouri, it is excluded from the flora.

Parmelia physodes [image of equals Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl.] cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936, 1937); Gier & Kendrick consider the 1937 report "doubtful". The only Berry determination of this taxon located, Berry 102 (UMO), is Physcia stellaris. Since the range of H. physodes is north of Missouri, it is excluded from the flora.

Parmelia plittii - see Xanthoparmelia plittii

Parmelia praesorediosa [image of equals Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale] cited from Vernon Co. by Gier & Kendrick (1972), who also erroneously attribute a literature report of this species to Hale (1969). The Vernon Co. report is apparently based on Kendrick 10984 (MCJ), which is Rimelia reticulata.

Parmelia quercina - Hale (1979) states that reports of this taxon from the eastern United States are referable to either Hypotrachyna livida or Myelochroa galbina.

Parmelia reticulata image of equals Rimelia reticulata

Parmelia rudecta image of equals Punctelia rudecta

Parmelia sacatilis - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936), apparently in reference to P. saxatilis. The specimen this report is based on, Berry 300 (UMO), is Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla.

Parmelia saxatilis - local reports of this species are referable to Parmelia squarrosa, although some Berry determinations as P. saxatilis are Punctelia rudecta.

Parmelia semansiana image of equals Punctelia semansiana

Parmelia squarrosa Hale image of caratBerry (1937): Boone, Callaway, and Franklin cos. [as P. saxatilis]. image of caratBerry (1941): Wayne Co. [as P. saxatilis]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as P. saxatilis]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from S3/5 Mo. image of caratHale (1987): one specimen cited from "Missouri". image of caratLadd (1991): Dent, Madison, and Texas cos.; designated as Watch List. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Watch List.

Parmelia stenophylla (stictic acid strain) [sensu Hale (1955b)] image of equals Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla and/or X. cumberlandia; Parmelia stenophylla (salazinic acid strain) [sensu Hale (1955b)] image of equals Xanthoparmelia somloënsis and/or X. tasmanica.

Parmelia subcrinita - reported from Missouri by Hale (1957a, 1969); the 1957 Hale report is the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). This name was used for species containing atranorin and salazinic acid. Unless the chemistry is fully explicated, there is no means of reliably translating old reports into modern nomenclature, since the reports could refer to Parmotrema ultralucens, Rimelia subisidiosa, or Rimeliella subtinctoria.

Parmelia sublaevigata image of equals Hypotrachyna livida and/or Myelochroa galbina

Parmelia subquercifolia image of equals Myelochroa galbina (probably including Hypotrachyna livida for local reports).

Parmelia subramigera image of equals Xanthoparmelia subramigera

Parmelia subrudecta image of equals Punctelia subrudecta

Parmelia subrugata - although cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936), and from Boone, Johnson, and Washington cos. by Berry (1937), Gier & Kendrick (1972) consider these reports "doubtful". Esslinger & Egan (1995) consider reports of this species from North America to be misidentifications. The one Berry determination of this taxon located, Berry 397 (UMO), is Rimeliella subtinctoria.

Parmelia subtinctoria image of equals Rimeliella subtinctoria

Parmelia sulcata Taylor image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE1/4 Mo. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Boone Co.

Parmelia sulphurosa image of equals Myelochroa galbina

Parmelia taractica [image of equals Xanthoparmelia taractica (Kremp.) Hale] - local reports are referable to Xanthoparmelia somloënsis. See note under Xanthoparmelia taractica.

Parmelia tasmanica image of equals Xanthoparmelia tasmanica

Parmelia texana image of equals Canoparmelia texana

Parmelia tiliacea image of equals Hypotrachyna livida (possibly including Myelochroa galbina for local reports).

Parmelia tinctorum image of equals Parmotrema tinctorum

Parmelia trichotera see Parmelia perlata

Parmelia ulotrix image of equals Phaeophyscia ciliata

Parmelia xanthina - see Parmotrema xanthinum

Parmelina aurulenta image of equals Myelochroa aurulenta

Parmelina dissecta image of equals Parmelinopsis minarum

Parmelina galbina image of equals Myelochroa galbina

Parmelina horrescens image of equals Parmelinopsis horrescens

Parmelina obsessa image of equals Myelochroa obsessa

PARMELINOPSIS Elix & Hale

Parmelinopsis horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Jasper Co., also literature report [as Parmelia horrescens]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE2/3 Mo. [as Parmelia horrescens]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from all but NW Mo. [as Parmelina horrescens]. image of caratLadd (1991): Carter Co.; designated as Endangered. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Endangered.

Parmelinopsis minarum (Vain.) Elix & Hale image of caratDey (1976, 1979): mapped from SE Mo., based on literature report [as Parmelia dissecta]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Vernon Co., also literature report [as Parmelia dissecta]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE Mo. [as Parmelia dissecta]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE Mo. [as Parmelina dissecta].

PARMOTREMA A. Massal.

Parmotrema sp. [sensu Wilhelm & Ladd (1986)] image of equals Parmotrema gardneri

Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report [as Parmelia austrosinensis]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Newton Co., also literature report [as Parmelia austrosinensis]. image of caratHale (1959): Taney Co. [as Parmelia austrosinensis]. image of caratHale (1961) [as Parmelia austrosinensis]. image of caratHale (1965): Taney Co. [as Parmelia austrosinensis]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from S1/3 Mo. image of caratSkorepa (1973) [as Parmelia austrosinensis].

Parmotrema cetratum image of equals Rimelia cetrata

Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy image of caratBerry (1941): Dunklin and Wright cos. [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratHale (1957a): Douglas and Pulaski cos. [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratHale (1965): Douglas and Pulaski cos. [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE1/2 Mo. [as Parmelia crinita]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia crinita].

Parmotrema eurysacum (Hue) Hale image of caratW. Culberson & Hale (1974): 3 records mapped from SW Mo. [as Parmelia eurysaca] image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia eurysaca]. Note: Hale (1957a) reports Parmelia perforata from Barry, Dent, Pulaski, Taney, and Wright cos.; these are listed as having salazinic acid, and are probably referable here, or possibly to Rimelia cetrata. See Rimelia cetrata and Parmelia arnoldii.

Parmotrema gardneri (C. W. Dodge) Sérus. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Jasper Co. [as Parmelia dilatata]. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1986): Barry, Butler, Lincoln, Shannon, and Wayne cos. [as Parmotrema sp.]. image of caratWilhelm & Parker (1989): "Missouri Ozarks" [as Parmotrema submichauxianum]. See the discussion of this taxon in Harris (1990)].

Parmotrema haitiense image of equals Rimeliella subtinctoria

Parmotrema hypoleucinum (J. Steiner) Hale image of caratLadd (1991): Osage Co.; designated as Status Undetermined. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1986): Osage Co. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Status Undetermined.

Parmotrema hypoleucites [sensu AES (1986)] image of equals Punctelia semansiana

Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale image of caratBerry (1936): Boone Co. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratBerry (1937): Boone Co. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratW. Culberson (1973): mapped from SE1/5 Mo. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratW. Culberson (1986): 4 map records SE Mo. image of caratW. Culberson & C. Culberson (1973): 4 mapped records S Mo. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Newton Co., also literature report [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratHale (1965): Texas Co., also 4 mapped records SE1/2 Mo. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE1/2 Mo. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from all but extreme N Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia hypotropa]. See Hale (1957a) citation for P. perforatum, and discussions under Parmelia erecta and Parmelia perlata.

Parmotrema louisianae (Hale) Hale image of carat (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia louisianae].

Parmotrema madagascariaceum (Hue) Hale image of caratLadd (1991): Ripley, Ste. Genevieve, and Shannon cos.; designated as Rare. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1986): Ste. Genevieve Co. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Rare. See note under P. xanthinum.

Parmotrema margaritatum (Hue) Hale image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia margaritata]. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. [as Parmelia margaritata].

Parmotrema mellissii - attributed to Missouri only on the basis of the shaded general range map in Hale (1979), which touches extreme southeastern Missouri. Given the level of resolution of these maps, and the lack of confirming specimens, this species is excluded from the flora.

Parmotrema michauxianum (Zahlbr.) Hale image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Barry, Dade, Jasper, and Newton cos., also literature report [as Parmelia michauxiana]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as Parmelia michauxiana]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. Note: the Reynolds Co. specimen cited by Nelson (1977) [as Parmelia michauxiana], Nelson B16 (MOR), is a mixture of Myelochroa galbina and Hypotrachyna livida.

Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal. image of caratBerry (1937): Franklin, Gasconade, and Washington cos. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratBerry (1941): Iron, St. Francois, and Wayne cos. [as Parmelia erecta]; Franklin and Wayne cos. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratW. Culberson (1973): maps from S1/4 Mo. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratW. Culberson (1986): maps 4 records from S Mo. image of caratW. Culberson & C. Culberson (1973): maps 5 records in SW Mo. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratDey (1976): mapped from SE Mo., based on literature report [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratDey (1979): mapped from SE Mo., based on literature report. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report [as Parmelia erecta]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratHale (1957a): cited from 6 cos. in S1/2 Mo. [as Parmelia erecta]; this includes Parmotrema hypotropum, which is not mentioned in the report; Hale mentions that sorediate and esorediate "phases" were equally abundant. Note that Hale's citation of Parmelia perforata in this report is listed as containing salazinic acid; these reports are referable to Parmotrema eurysacum or possibly Rimelia cetrata. image of caratHale (1957b): Barry, Douglas, Ozark, Taney, and Texas cos. [as Parmelia hypotropoides]. image of caratHale (1965): 5 records mapped SC Mo. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from S1/2 Mo. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from S1/2 Mo. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. [as Parmelia perforata]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia perforata]. See Parmelia erecta and Gier & Kendrick (1972) citation of Xanthoparmelia somloënsis.

Parmotrema reticulatum image of equals Rimelia reticulata

Parmotrema subisidiosum image of equals Rimelia subisidiosa

Parmotrema submichauxianum image of equals Parmotrema gardneri

Parmotrema subtinctorium image of equals Rimeliella subtinctoria

Parmotrema tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale image of caratHale (1969): mapped from extreme SE Mo. [as Parmelia tinctorum]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from extreme SE Mo. image of caratLadd (1991): Phelps and St. Clair cos.; designated as Endangered. image of caratMDC (1991): designated as Rare. image of caratMDC (1992): designated as Endangered.

Parmotrema ultralucens - attributed to Missouri on the basis of the shaded range map in Hale (1979). Since there are no confirming specimens or corroborating reports, this species is provisionally excluded from the flora. See Parmelia subcrinita.

Parmotrema xanthinum - mapped from southeastern Missouri by Hale (1969, 1979) [the 1969 report as Parmelia xanthina]; the 1969 report forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as Parmelia xanthina]. The Gentry Co. report by Gier & Kendrick (1972) is based on Stigers 9226 (MCJ), which is Candelaria concolor. Parmotrema xanthinum lacks gyrophoric acid, which is present in the morphologically analogous Parmotrema madagascariaceum. As pointed out by Almeda & Dey (1973), the presence of gyrophoric acid in some specimens of P. madagascariaceum can best be detected by chromatography, and is not readily revealed by spot tests. All Missouri material examined to date, including several specimens with C– medullary reactions, contains gyrophoric acid, and is referable to P. madagascariaceum. In the absence of confirming specimens, Parmotrema xanthinum is provisionally excluded from the Missouri flora.

Patellaria alba - cited from Pike Co. by Pech (1866); it is not known to what taxon this name refers, although Pech lists it as a lichen.

PELTIGERA Willd.

Peltigera sp. image of caratDarigo (1995a): St. Louis Co. See Collema flaccidum.

Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. image of caratAES (1986): Reynolds Co. image of caratBerry (1936): Boone Co. image of caratBerry (1937): Boone, Franklin, Gasconade, Jefferson, and Lincoln cos. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report [as var. ulorrhiza]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Jasper and Vernon cos., also literature report; Cole Co. [as var. albescens]; literature report [as var. ulorrhiza]. image of caratHale (1969, 1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1911): St. Louis Co. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. image of caratPech (1866): Pike Co.; this may include material referable to P. rufescens. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin. image of caratThomas & Jackson (1985). image of caratThomson (1950): Greene Co. [as var. ulorrhiza]. See P. degenii.

Peltigera canina var. albescens image of equals Peltigera canina

Peltigera canina var. rufescens f. innovans image of equals Peltigera praetextata

Peltigera canina var. rufescens f. rufescens image of equals Peltigera rufescens

Peltigera canina f. sorediata image of equals Peltigera didactyla

Peltigera canina var. spuria image of equals Peltigera didactyla

Peltigera canina var. spuria f. sorediata image of equals Peltigera didactyla

Peltigera canina var. ulorrhiza image of equals Peltigera canina

Peltigera degenii - cited from McDonald Co. by Gier & Kendrick (1972); the specimen on which this report is based, Palmer M117 (MCJ), is P. canina.

Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature reports [as P. canina var. spuria and P. canina var. spuria f. sorediata]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report; literature report [as P. canina f. sorediata]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from N1/3 Mo. [as P. spuria]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from NE1/2 Mo. [as P. spuria]. image of caratThomson (1950): Franklin Co. [as P. canina var. spuria f. sorediata]; Sulphur Springs [as P. canina var. spuria] - USGS (1991) lists three Sulphur Springs in Missouri: a town in Jefferson Co. and springs in Miller and Vernon cos. Note: the McDonald Co. specimen cited by Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as P. canina f. sorediata] is based on Lett s.n. 11 October 1970 (MCJ 10549), which is P. rufescens.

Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Dade, Oregon, Ripley, Shannon, and Warren cos.

Peltigera evansiana Gyeln. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from NE1/5 Mo. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from E1/3 Mo. image of caratThomson (1950): Phelps Co.

Peltigera horizontalis - cited from Berry (1936, 1937) from Boone Co., and mapped from extreme SE Mo. by Hale (1979). The 1937 Berry report is the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). No confirming specimens have been seen, and neither Berry work includes mention of P. polydactylon, which is known to occur in the region. Missouri reports of this species are probably referable to P. polydactylon. The only Gier determination as this taxon that has been located, Gier s.n. 13 September 1974 (MCJ 11697), from Taney Co., is P. rufescens.

Peltigera polydactyla image of equals Peltigera polydactylon

Peltigera polydactyla var. crassoides image of equals Peltigera polydactylon

Peltigera polydactyla f. mucrocarpa image of equals Peltigera polydactylon

Peltigera polydactyla f. typica image of equals Peltigera polydactylon

Peltigera polydactyla var. typica image of equals Peltigera polydactylon

Peltigera polydactyla var. typica f. microcarpa image of equals Peltigera polydactylon

Peltigera polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. image of caratDarigo (1995a): Ste. Genevieve Co. image of carat & Jones (1954): literature reports [as P. polydactyla var. crassoides and var. typica f. microcarpa]; Carter Co. [as P. polydactyla var. typica]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Carter Co., literature report [as P. polydactyla f. typica]; literature report [as P. polydactyla var. crassoides and P. polydactyla f. mucrocarpa]. image of carat (1969, 1979): mapped statewide [as P. polydactyla]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratNelson (1911): St. Louis Co. [as P. polydactyla]. image of caratThomson (1950): St. Francois and Ste. Genevieve cos. [as P. polydactyla var. typica]; Perry Co. [as P. polydactyla var. typica f. microcarpa]; Taney Co. [as P. polydactyla var. crassoides]. See P. horizontalis.

Peltigera praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf image of caratGier & Jones (1954): St. Louis Co. [as P. canina var. rufescens f. innovans]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Livingston and St. Louis cos. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide. image of caratThomson (1950): Dunklin, Greene, Perry, St. Louis, and Stone cos. [as P. canina var. rufescens f. innovans].

Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. image of caratBerry (1936, 1937): Boone Co. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Camden, Clinton, Jefferson, and St. Louis cos. [as P. canina var. rufescens f. rufescens]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): cited from 6 cos., also literature report; Camden, Clinton, Jefferson, and St. Louis cos., also literature report [as P. canina var. rufescens]. image of caratHus (1908): St. Louis region. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratMBG (1974a, 1974b): Salt River basin. image of caratNelson (1911): St. Louis Co. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin. image of caratThomson (1950): cited from 7 cos. [as P. canina var. rufescens f. rufescens]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See Pech (1866) citation under P. canina; and notes under P. didactyla and P. horizontalis.

Peltigera spuria image of equals Peltigera didactyla

PELTULA Nyl.

Peltula bolanderi (Tuck.) Wetmore image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1986): Osage Co. See Collema tunaeforme.

PERTUSARIA DC.

Pertusaria sp. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. (3 species).

Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. image of caratDibben (1980): Barry, Howell, and Pulaski cos. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Pertusaria communis - see discussion under P. pertusa.

Pertusaria hymenea - cited from the Salt River basin by MBG (1974b) and by Seaward (1978). According to Dibben (1980), reports of this taxon from North America east of California are misidentifications.

Pertusaria hypothamnolica Dibben image of caratDibben (1980): cited from 10 cos. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See note under P. multipunctoides.

Pertusaria leioplaca DC. image of caratBerry (1937): Jefferson Co. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as P. leucostoma].

Pertusaria leucostoma image of equals Pertusaria leioplaca

Pertusaria macounii (I. M. Lamb) Dibben image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Camden, Iron, Shannon, Stone, and Wayne cos.

Pertusaria marginata image of equals Pertusaria propinqua

Pertusaria multipuncta - according to Esslinger & Egan (1995), North American reports of this taxon are based on misidentified material. Local reports of P. multipuncta are usually referable to P. multipunctoides.

Pertusaria multipunctoides Dibben image of caratBerry (1937): Boone, Franklin, Gasconade, and Lincoln cos. [as P. multipuncta]. Note: the Berry (1936) report of this species [as P. multipuncta] is based on Berry 304C (UMO), which is P. paratuberculifera. This is the only one of 5 specimens cited by Berry (1937) that has been located. The Camden Co. reports by Gier & Jones (1954) and Gier & Kendrick (1972) [both as P. multipuncta] are based on Jones 13 (MCJ), which is P. hypothamnolica.

Pertusaria neoscotica I. M. Lamb image of caratDibben (1980): Washington Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co.

Pertusaria ostiolata Dibben image of caratLadd et al. (1994): cited from 6 cos. S1/3 Mo.

Pertusaria paratuberculifera Dibben image of caratDibben (1980): cited from 7 cos. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See note under P. multipunctoides.

Pertusaria pertusa - cited from Washington Co. by Berry (1937), and from Missouri by Fink (1899) and Tuckerman (1882) [both as P. communis]; Gier & Kendrick (1972) cite the Fink report. According to Esslinger & Egan (1995), North American reports of this taxon are based on misidentifications. Dibben (1980) lists several common species of Pertusaria to which the name P. pertusa has been applied, so translation of literature reports attributing this species to Missouri is not possible. Some early Missouri collections determined as P. communis are referable to P. plittiana.

Pertusaria plitteana [sensu Gier & Kendrick (1972)] image of equals Pertusaria plittiana

Pertusaria plittiana Erichsen image of caratDibben (1980): Howell, Iron, St. Francois, and Wayne cos. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Vernon Co. [as P. "plitteana"]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. See discussion under P. pertusa.

Pertusaria propinqua Müll. Arg. image of caratBerry (1937): St. Louis Co. [as P. marginata]. image of caratDibben (1980): Phelps, Wayne, and Wright cos. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as P. marginata]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co.

Pertusaria pulchella Malme image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Carter, Oregon, Ozark, and Shannon cos.

Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: this species was also cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936, 1937); the 1937 report forms the basis for the literature report in Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Berry 312 (UMO), is Arthothelium spectabile.

Pertusaria subpertusa Brodo image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Carter and Shannon cos.

Pertusaria tetrathalamia (Fée) Nyl. image of caratBerry (1937): Johnson and St. Louis cos. image of caratDibben (1980): Howell, Johnson, and St. Louis cos. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Pertusaria texana Müll. Arg. image of caratAtienza & Hawksworth (1994): literature report. image of caratDibben (1980): Barry, Jefferson, and St. Louis cos. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Pertusaria trachythallina Erichsen image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Shannon Co.

Pertusaria valliculata Dibben image of caratDibben (1980): Barry Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Pertusaria velata (Turner) Nyl. image of caratAES (1986): Reynolds Co. image of caratBerry (1937): Franklin Co. image of caratDibben (1980): cited from 11 cos. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

PHAEOCALICIUM A. F. W. Schmidt

Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell† image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Shannon Co.

Phaeographis eulectra image of equals Graphis eulectra

PHAEOPHYSCIA Moberg

Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl. image of caratEsslinger (1977a): 2 or 3 records mapped from St. Louis area [as Physcia adiastola]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE1/3 Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. See Phaeophyscia ciliata, Phaeophyscia orbicularis, and Physcia virella.

Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl. image of caratEsslinger (1978): 5 mapped records from SE2/3 Mo. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Physcia orbicularis f. albociliata]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratThomson (1963): cited from 8 cos. in S Mo. [as Physcia orbicularis f. albociliata]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See discussion under Physcia virella.

Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg image of caratBerry (1936): Boone Co. [as Physcia obscura]; this may include Phaeophyscia hirtella. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report [as Physcia ciliata]. image of caratDey (1976): mapped statewide, based on literature report [as Physcia ciliata]. image of caratDey (1979): mapped statewide, based on literature report. image of caratEsslinger (1978): Cooper Co. image of caratFink (1900): Cole Co. [as Physcia obscura]; may include P. hirtella. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Texas Co., also literature report [as Physcia ciliata]. image of caratHale (1957a): Barry, Crawford, and Ozark cos. [as Physcia ciliata]; possibly including P. hirtella. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as Physcia ciliata]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratPech (1866): Pike Co. [as Parmelia ulotrix]; may include P. hirtella. image of caratThomson (1963): Cooper, Franklin, Jefferson, Ozark, and St. Clair cos. [as Physcia ciliata]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. See discussion under Physcia virella. Note: this species was also reported from Dade Co. by Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as Physcia ciliata], but the specimen on which this report is based, Murray 96 (MCJ), is Phaeophyscia adiastola.

Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co.

Phaeophyscia hirtella Essl. image of caratAES (1986): Reynolds Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratThomson (1963): Cole, Crawford, and Vernon cos. [as Physcia ciliata f. fibrillosa]. See Physcia setosa, and Berry (1936), Fink (1900), Hale (1957a), and Pech (1866) citations under P. ciliata.

Phaeophyscia imbricata (Vain.) Essl. image of caratEsslinger (1978): 2 records mapped from EC Mo. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Physcia lacinulata and Physcia ciliata f. squamulosa]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE1/2 Mo. [as Physcia lacinulata]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from E1/3 Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratThomson (1963): Boone and Washington cos. [as Physcia ciliata f. squamulosa]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Phaeophyscia insignis (Mereschk.) Moberg image of caratEsslinger (1985): Christian Co. See Phaeophyscia orbicularis.

Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Saline Co. [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Laclede, McDonald, and Saline cos., also literature report [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratHale (1957a): cited from 11 cos. in S1/2 Mo. [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratMBG (1974b): Salt River basin [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin [as Physcia orbicularis]. image of caratThomson (1963): cited from 12 cos. [as Physcia orbicularis f. orbicularis]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: all of these reports may include or consist entirely of material referable to Phaeophyscia adiastola, P. insignis, P. pusilloides, P. rubropulchra, and/or Physciella chloantha, and possibly Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi. Phaeophyscia orbicularis sensu stricto is known to occur in Missouri, but is rare and usually saxicolous, whereas most of the above citations refer to corticolous populations. This species is also cited from Barry and Newton cos. by Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as Physcia orbicularis], but the Barry Co. report is based on Sauer s.n. 11 May 1963 (MCJ 10664), which is Physconia detersa, and the Newton Co. report is based on Kendrick s.n. 27 February 1971 (MCJ 10954), which is P. cernohorskyi.

Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. image of caratEsslinger (1978): 4 records mapped from EC and SW Mo. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See discussions under Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia americana, and Physcia virella.

Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. image of caratBerry (1937): Boone and Franklin cos. [as Physcia endochrysea]. image of caratDarigo (1995a): St. Louis Co. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Physcia orbicularis f. rubropulchra]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from S3/4 Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratThomson (1963): Iron and Newton cos. [as Physcia orbicularis f. rubropulchra]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See discussions under Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia millegrana, Pyxine sorediata, and Pyxine subcinerea.

PHLYCTIS Wallr.

Phlyctis argena (Spreng.) Flot. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Reynolds and Wayne cos.

PHYSCIA (Schreb.) Michx.

Physcia adglutinata image of equals Hyperphyscia adglutinata

Physcia adiastola image of equals Phaeophyscia adiastola

Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Grundy, Livingston, and Ste. Genevieve cos.

Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Saline Co.; Clay Co. [as f. acrita]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Andrew, Clay, and Saline cos., also literature report; Clay Co., also literature report [as var. acrita]. image of caratHale (1957a): Ozark and Taney cos. image of caratHale (1969, 1979): mapped statewide. image of caratThomson (1963): Clay, Johnson, Ozark, and Vernon cos.; Taney Co. [as f. cercida]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. Note: there is a possibility that some of these reports may include or consist of material referable to P. pumilior; see discussion in Harris (1990). See P. astroidea, P. pulverulenta, and P. stellaris entries.

Physcia aipolia f. acrita image of equals Physcia aipolia

Physcia aipolia var. acrita image of equals Physcia aipolia

Physcia aipolia f. cercida image of equals Physcia aipolia

Physcia alba - according to Esslinger & Egan (1995), this species does not occur in North America. Local reports are referable to Physcia pumilior.

Physcia americana G. Merr. image of caratBerry (1936): Boone Co. [as P. astroidea and P. caesia]. image of caratBerry (1937): Boone and Johnson cos. [as P. astroidea and P. caesia]; Jefferson, St. Louis, and Washington cos. [as P. astroidea]. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Laclede, Newton, and Vernon cos., also literature report [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratHale (1957a): cited from 12 cos. in S1/2 Mo [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratHawksworth & Booth (1976): Salt River basin [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratThomson (1963): cited from 16 cos. [as P. tribacoides]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of carat (1992b): Newton Co. Note: the Reynolds Co. specimen cited by Nelson (1977) is Punctelia perreticulata. Some of Berry's reports of Physcia caesia may be referable to Physconia detersa; see discussion under Physcia caesia. The Cedar Co. report in Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as P. tribacoides] is based on Kendrick s.n. 29 March 1971 (MCJ 11027), which is a mixture of Phaeophyscia pusilloides and Physciella chloantha.

Physcia astroidea [image of equals P. clementei (Sm.) Lynge] - local reports are referable to P. americana. A Berry determination as this taxon, Berry 158A (UMO), is P. aipolia, and another Berry determination, Berry 2036 (UMO) is P. americana. Both of these specimens are from Boone Co.

Physcia caesia - this species is cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936) and from Boone and Johnson cos. by Berry (1937). Neither of these publications includes reference to the morphologically similar P. americana, which is common throughout Missouri. Both Berry reports are referable to P. americana. Although some Berry determinations as this species are P. americana, a Johnson Co. specimen collected as P. caesia, Berry 615 (US), is Physconia detersa. According to the map in Hale (1979), Physcia caesia is a northern and western species not occurring within 250 miles of Missouri. Thomson (1963) maps P. caesia from New England, the Great Lakes north of Lake Michigan, and the western United States, with one record in central Kansas.

Physcia chloantha image of equals Physciella chloantha

Physcia ciliata image of equals Phaeophyscia ciliata

Physcia ciliata f. fibrillosa image of equals Phaeophyscia hirtella

Physcia ciliata f. squamulosa image of equals Phaeophyscia imbricata

Physcia detersa image of equals Physconia detersa

Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. Note: this species was also cited from Franklin and Gasconade cos. by Berry (1937), Iron Co. by Fink (1919), and Barry Co. by Gier & Jones (1954) and Gier & Kendrick (1972) [all as P. teretiuscula]. All Missouri reports of P. dubia except those of Wetmore (1992a, 1992b) are probably based on misidentifications. To date, all Missouri specimens labelled as P. teretiuscula that I have seen are Speerschneidera euploca. I have not examined the Wetmore specimens. Local reports may also be referable to Physciella chloantha or Physcia subtilis. According to the map in Hale (1979), the closest station to Missouri for P. dubia is in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

Physcia endochrysea image of equals Phaeophyscia rubropulchra

Physcia frostii image of equals Dirinaria frostii

Physcia grisea image of equals Physconia detersa

Physcia grisea f. farrea image of equals Physconia detersa

Physcia halei J. W. Thomson image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): McDonald Co., also literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE1/2 Mo. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE 3/5 Mo. image of caratLadd & Nelson (1982). image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. image of caratThomson (1963): Crawford Co.

Physcia hispida [image of equals P. tenella (Scop.) DC.] - cited from Franklin Co. by Berry (1937), presumably based upon a misidentification. Thomson (1963) cited specimens from no closer to Missouri than North Dakota and northern portions of Minnesota and Michigan.

Physcia lacinulata image of equals Phaeophyscia imbricata

Physcia lithotodes [image of equals Phaeophyscia endococcina (Körb.) Moberg] cited from Franklin Co. by Berry (1937), but no specimens have been located. Thomson (1963, 1984) restricts the range of this species to areas far to the north and west of Missouri.

Physcia luganensis image of equals Physciella chloantha

Physcia melanchra image of equals Physciella melanchra

Physcia millegrana Degel. image of caratAES (1986): Reynolds Co. image of caratBerry (1936): Boone Co. [as P. tribacia]. image of caratBerry (1937): Boone, Franklin, and St. Louis cos. [as P. tribacia]. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report. image of caratDarigo (1995a): St. Louis Co. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Cass Co., also literature report. image of caratHale (1957a): Barry and Crawford cos. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide except central Ozarks. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE border. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratMBG (1974b): Salt River basin. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin. image of caratThomson (1963): cited from 9 cos. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. Note: this species was also cited from Newton Co. by Gier & Kendrick (1972), but the specimen on which this report is based, Kendrick s.n. 27 February 1971 (MCJ 10953), is Phaeophyscia rubropulchra.

Physcia obscura image of equals Phaeophyscia ciliata

Physcia orbicularis image of equals Phaeophyscia orbicularis; but see discussion under Phaeophyscia orbicularis.

Physcia orbicularis f. albociliata image of equals Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi

Physcia orbicularis f. orbicularis - see Physcia orbicularis

Physcia orbicularis f. rubropulchra image of equals Phaeophyscia rubropulchra

Physcia phaea - the only basis for attributing this lichen to Missouri is the imprecise, shaded range map in Hale (1979). Wilhelm & Ladd (1985) cite a specimen from Jackson Co., Illinois, which borders Missouri, so this taxon may someday be discovered in the state.

Physcia pulverulenta [image of equals Physconia distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon ] - Esslinger & Egan (1995) note that North American reports of this taxon are base on misidentifications. Hale (1979) tentatively refers reports of this species [as Physconia pulverulenta] from the eastern United States to Anaptychia palmulata [his A. "palmatula"], but all Missouri material previously identified as Physcia pulverulenta is referable to Physconia detersa, except for a Jasper Co. specimen cited by Gier & Kendrick, Kendrick s.n. 20 November 1970 (MCJ 10990), which is Physcia aipolia.

Physcia pumilior R. C. Harris image of caratHarris (1990). Note: the Cedar Co. report in Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as P. alba] is based on Kendrick s.n. 29 March 1971 (MCJ 11029), which is Hyperphyscia syncolla. The Newton Co. report in Gier & Kendrick (1972) [as P. alba] is based on Kendrick s.n. 21 March 1970 (MCJ 11033), which is Hyperphyscia adglutinata. See notes under P. aipolia and P. stellaris.

Physcia setosa [image of equals Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl.] - cited from Newton Co. by Gier & Kendrick (1972). This report is based on Kendrick s.n. 24 November 1970 (MCJ 10991), which is Phaeophyscia hirtella.

Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. image of caratBerry (1936): Boone Co. image of caratBerry (1937): cited from 8 cos. image of caratBrodo (1968): mapped statewide. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Boone, Cass, and Dade cos., also literature report. image of caratHale (1957a): cited from 7 cos. in S1/2 Mo. image of caratHale (1969, 1979): mapped statewide. image of caratHus (1908): St. Louis region. image of caratLadd (1993a): St. Louis Co. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1911): Jefferson Co. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin. image of caratThomas & Jackson (1985). image of caratThomson (1963): cited from 16 cos. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: some of these reports may include or consist of material referable to P. pumilior; see discussion in Harris (1990). The Vernon Co. report in Gier & Kendrick (1972) is based on Kendrick s.n. 20 February 1971 (MCJ 10957), which is Physcia aipolia. See Parmelia physodes.

Physcia subtilis Degel. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Jasper and Newton cos., also literature report. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from SE Mo. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Nelson (1982). image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratThomson (1963): Franklin and Iron cos. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: some local reports of P. dubia may be referable here; see discussion under that species.

Physcia syncolla image of equals Hyperphyscia syncolla

Physcia teretiuscula - see Physcia dubia

Physcia tribacia - local reports are referable to Physcia millegrana.

Physcia tribacoides image of equals Physcia americana

Physcia virella [image of equals Phaeophyscia adiastola] - cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936), and from Boone, Franklin, and Jefferson cos. by Berry (1937). These collections are all described as corticolous, and may include or consist of Phaeophyscia pusilloides, which is usually corticolous, as opposed to Phaeophyscia adiastola, which is prevailingly saxicolous with us. Some Berry collections determined as this species are Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi and Phaeophyscia ciliata.

PHYSCIELLA Essl.

Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl. image of caratEsslinger (1978): one record mapped from SW Mo. [as Physcia luganensis]. image of caratEsslinger (1986): Christian Co. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide [as Physcia chloantha]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park [as Physcia chloantha]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Physcia chloantha]. Note: some local reports of Physcia dubia may be referable here. See discussions under Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia americana, and Pyxine sorediata.

Physciella melanchra (Hue) Essl. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Physcia melanchra].

Physciopsis adglutinata image of equals Hyperphyscia adglutinata

Physciopsis syncolla image of equals Hyperphyscia syncolla

PHYSCONIA Poelt

Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt image of caratBerry (1936, 1937): Boone Co. [as Physcia pulverulenta]. image of caratC. Culberson (1969): literature report [as Physcia grisea]. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): Camden and Clay cos. [as Physcia grisea]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Camden and Clay cos., also literature report [as Physcia grisea]; literature report [as Physcia pulverulenta]. image of caratHale (1957a): cited from 11 cos. in S1/2 Mo. [as Physcia grisea]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as Physcia grisea]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratMBG (1974a, 1974b): Salt River basin [as Physcia detersa]; erroneously cited as new to Missouri. image of caratSeaward (1978): Salt River basin. image of caratThomson (1963): cited from 22 cos. [as Physcia grisea]; Stone Co. [as Physcia grisea f. farrea]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. Note: most of these reports may include Physconia kurokawae; see discussion in Ladd et al. (1994). See discussions under Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia caesia, and Physcia pulverulenta.

Physconia kurokawae Kashiw. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): cited from 13 cos. statewide. See discussion under P. detersa.

Physma luridum image of equals Pannaria lurida

Physolinum monile - see Coenogonium missouriense

Placodium albescens - cited from Pike Co. by Pech (1866); it is not known to what taxon this name refers.

Placodium aurantiacum image of equals Caloplaca flavorubescens

Placodium citrinum image of equals Caloplaca citrina

Placodium ferrugineum image of equals Caloplaca ferruginea

Placodium galactophyllum image of equals Caloplaca galactophylla

Placodium vitellinum var. aurellum - see Candelariella aurella

PLACYNTHIELLA Elenkin

Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P. James image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

PLACYNTHIUM (Ach.) Gray

Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report. image of caratHenssen (1963): cited from 6 cos. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratNelson (1985). image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. See comments under P. stenophyllum.

Placynthium petersii (Nyl.) Burnham image of caratBerry (1937): Jefferson Co. [as Pterygium petersii]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report.

Placynthium stenophylla [sensu Gier & Jones (1954)] - see Placynthium stenophyllum

Placynthium stenophyllum (Tuck.) Fink - reported from Saline Co. by Gier & Jones (1954) [as P. "stenophylla"] and Gier & Kendrick (1972). The specimen on which these reports are based, Jones 18 (MCJ), is P. nigrum.

Polyblastiopsis fallax - see Arthopyrenia lapponina

Polychidium umhausense [image of equals Dendriscocaulon umhausense (Auersw.) Degel.] - local reports are referable to Dendriscocaulon intricatulum; see James & Henssen (1976).

POLYSPORINA Vezda

Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vezda image of caratFink (1919): Iron Co. [as Biatorella simplex]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report mistakenly attributed to Fink (1900) [as Sarcogyne simplex].

PORINA Müll. Arg.

Porina cestrensis (Tuck. ex E. Michener) Müll. Arg. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): cited from 8 cos SE1/2 Mo. Note: Harris (1995b) proposes the name Trichothelium cestrense (E. Michener) R. C. Harris for this taxon.

PORPIDIA Körb.

Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph image of caratFink (1935) [as Lecidea albocaerulescens]. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report [as Lecidea albocaerulescens]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report mistakenly attributed to Berry (1937) [as Lecidea albocaerulescens]. image of caratGowan (1989): 2 records mapped from SW and EC Mo. (stictic acid type; esorediate). image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: this taxon was also cited from Boone Co. by Berry (1936) [as Lecidea albocaerulescens], but this report must be based on a misidentification, since he cites the substrate as corticolous, whereas all populations seen in Missouri are saxicolous.

Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph image of caratGowan (1989): one record mapped in extreme S Mo.

Porpidia tahawasiana Gowan image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Reynolds and Ste. Genevieve cos.

PRONECTRIA Clem.

Pronectria oligospora Lowen & Rogerson* image of caratLowen (1995): Ste. Genevieve Co.

PROTOBLASTENIA (Zahlbr.) J. Steiner

Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

PSEUDOCYPHELLARIA Vain.

Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): mention "should" occur in Mo. image of caratHale (1969): mapped from SE1/3 Mo. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from extreme SE Mo. image of caratLadd (1991): Dunklin and Oregon cos.; designated as Endangered. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Endangered.

Pseudoparmelia sp. [sensu Morgan (1987)] image of equals Flavoparmelia sp.

Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis image of equals Flavoparmelia baltimorensis

Pseudoparmelia caperata image of equals Flavoparmelia caperata

Pseudoparmelia caroliniana image of equals Canoparmelia caroliniana

Pseudoparmelia crozalsiana image of equals Canoparmelia crozalsiana

Pseudoparmelia texana image of equals Canoparmelia texana

PSORA Hoffm.

Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. image of caratFink (1899) [as Biatora decipiens]. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): St. Louis Co. [as Lecidea decipiens]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): St. Louis Co., also literature report [as Lecidea decipiens]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park. image of caratTuckerman (1888) [as Biatora decipiens].

Psora icterica (Mont.) Müll. Arg. image of caratLadd (1991): Cedar and Lawrence cos.; designated as Endangered. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1986): Cedar and Lawrence cos. image of caratMDC (1991, 1992): designated as Endangered. image of caratNelson (1985).

Psora pseudorussellii Timdal image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Lecidea rubiformis]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as Lecidea rubiformis]; may also include Psora russellii. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Nelson (1982) [as P. russellii]. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1983): Bennett Spring State Park [as P. russellii]. image of caratMorgan (1987) [as P. russellii]. image of caratNelson (1977): Reynolds Co. [as Lecidea rubiformis]. image of caratNelson (1985) [as P. russellii]. image of caratTimdal (1986): mapped from SW and EC Mo. image of caratTuckerman (1888) [as Biatora russellii]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: as discussed by Timdal (1986); P. pseudorussellii is saxicolous as opposed to the almost invariably terricolous P. russellii sensu stricto. Previous reports of P. russellii that are described as wholly or partially saxicolous are referred here. Field experience in Missouri indicates that by far the more common of the two taxa is P. pseudorussellii. See Lecidea rubiformis.

Psora russellii (Tuck.) A. Schneid. image of caratFink (1899) [as Biatora russellii]; this may include or consist entirely of Psora pseudorussellii. image of caratHale (1979): mapped from NW and SE Mo. image of caratNelson (1911): "Mineke" [as Biatora russellii]; this report probably includes or consists entirely of P. pseudorussellii. image of caratTimdal (1986): one record mapped from SW Mo. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. Note: reports of this taxon by Ladd & Nelson (1982), Ladd & Wilhelm (1983), Morgan (1987), Nelson (1985), and Tuckerman (1888) are referred to P. pseudorussellii, which see. See discussion under Lecidea russula and L. rubiformis.

Psora tuckermanii - local reports are referable to Lecidea lurida.

PSOROTICHIA A. Massal.

Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold image of caratLadd et al. (1994): Buchanan, Dade, Greene, and Lewis cos.

PSORULA Gotth. Schneid.

Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneid. image of caratFink (1899) [as Biatora rufonigra]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): literature report [as Lecidea rufonigra]. image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps Co. image of caratLadd & Wilhelm (1986): cited from 10 cos. image of caratTuckerman (1888) [as Biatora rufonigra]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co.

Pterygium petersii image of equals Placynthium petersii

PUNCTELIA Krog

Punctelia bolliana (Müll. Arg.) Krog image of caratBerry (1941): Wayne Co. [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratW. Culberson (1962): mapped statewide [as Parmelia frondifera]. image of caratW. Culberson & C. Culberson (1956): mapped from St. Louis area and SW Mo. [as Parmelia bolliana strain 4]. image of caratGier & Jones (1954): literature report [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratGier & Kendrick (1972): Camden, Jasper, Laclede, and Vernon cos., also literature report [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratHale (1957a): Ozark and Stone cos. [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratHale (1969): mapped statewide [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratHale (1979): mapped statewide [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratWetmore (1992a): Taney Co. [as Parmelia bolliana]. image of caratWetmore (1992b): Newton Co. [as Parmelia bolliana]. Note: many of the pre-1969 citations listed above may include or refer entirely to Punctelia semansiana. The Reynolds Co. specimen cited by Nelson (1977)[as Parmelia bolliana] and the Boone Co. specimen cited by Berry (1936, 1937) [as Parmelia frondifera], Drouet 396D (UMO), are Hypotrachyna livida. See discussion of Seaward (1978) citation under Punctelia semansiana, and discussion under Parmelia borreri.

Punctelia missouriensis G. Wilh. & Ladd image of caratLadd (1996): Phelps