BLACKJACK OAK - Quercus marilandica, Muench.
BLACKJACK OAK IS A common timber tree in forests which have been badly burned or are growing on the poorest soils. Blackjack oak is able to withstand fire because of its thick, insulating bark and its ability to sprout, therefore, it is one of the first trees to occupy an area following a fire. It is a relatively short lived, slow growing species that cannot grow in shade. In a protected and managed forest, it may all disappear except on the poorest sites.
The wedge or bell-shaped leaf is probably the most important key identifying feature. It is alternate, simple, bristle-tipped and shallowly three lobed. The upper surface is dark green and shiny above and lighter beneath. It is leathery to the feel.
The yellow-brown acorn or nut is enclosed in a deep, thick cup about half its length. Both acorns and leaves furnish food for the squirrel, raccoon, quail, turkey and deer. The kernel is bitter but nutritious.
Twigs are stout and reddish-brown with buds being narrowly cone-shaped. The bark might be compared to alligator hide with its black, very rough, square or rectangular blocks.
Blackjack seldom grows more than 30 to 40 feet high and is well limbed along the entire length of the trunk. Aside from limited use as charcoal wood, it has little present commercial value. Attempts are being made by foresters to eliminate blackjack oak on suitable areas and replace it with shortleaf pine. Dry, rocky or gravelly soils supporting wild grasses will also support blackjack oak.
